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A study of erosion control system using biotechnical conservation measures
Moravec, Jiří ; Sobotková, Veronika (referee) ; Dumbrovský, Miroslav (advisor)
The objective of the bachelor thesis was the study of soil erosion control with application of system of semi-natural measures in chosen small catchment. Digital elevation model was generated and average soil loss was determined by ArcGis tools at each erosion parcel . Design of erosion control at chosen erosion risked locality was create in Microstation software and InRoads utilities. As a type of enviromental erossion control mesures was chosen a system of a earthfill dams with the sedimentation area in combination with grassing. The thesis efforts to point the differences between the possible optimal solution and a compromise solution which respects the requirements of agricultural entities. The solution respects the trend of water retention in landscape and use of low cost measures.
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Soil erosion risk analysis in Sidama Region, southern Ethiopia
Bizunhe, Getie Balkie ; Martínek, Karel (advisor) ; Hroch, Tomáš (referee)
Soil erosion is one of the most important environmental issues in Ethiopia. Studies on erosional processes and soil loss rates can provide insight into the landscape evolution, climate change, and human activities, as well as on land degradation risk. The soil coverage of the Sidama Region study area, Main Ethiopian Rift, is characterized by Major Reference Soil Groups as follows: Luvisols, Cambisols, Nitisols, Vertisols, Andosols, Fluvisols, Regosols, and Leptosols. Cambisols and Luvisols are more susceptible to erosion. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is most developed and recently widely used algorithm which was used to map and estimate the spatial distribution of soil erosion rates in the study area. Two rainfall datasets and three soil structure datasets were tested for reliability. The resulting 6 RUSLE calculations were validated by field mapped polygons in selected areas. It showed that most reliable input datasets are new more complete rainfall data and soil structure data derived from field mapping and sample analysis. The most susceptible areas of soil loss are mapped and the mean soil loss rate in the study area is 28 t/ha/yr. The mean annual soil loss of Sidama study area is above the tolerable mean soil loss (18 t/ha/yr for Ethiopian highlands). The Revised Universal Soil Loss...
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Zvýšení udržitelnosti hospodaření v zájmovém území a navržení environmentálně šetrných opatření
BAŠTÝŘOVÁ, Klára
From a theoretical point of view, the bachelor's thesis analyzes the threat of soil erosion, the possibilities of monitoring and protection against erosion, and the motivation of farmers to protect the soil fund in the Czech Republic through the strategies of subsidy programs. Furthermore, from the point of view of practical application, the establishment of new stands of non-production areas and protective belts around water was proposed in the selected erosion-threatened area. As part of the LPIS, an anti-erosion measure was also proposed in the form of a linear biocorridor, the purpose of which, in addition to protecting the soil from soil erosion, is to expand and support local biodiversity.
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Determination of the threat to the archaeological site Bylany by water and tillage erosion of soil
Derková, Nikola ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Strouhalová, Barbora (referee)
The diploma thesis aims to determine the threat of archaeological site Bylany by soil erosion. Soil erosion was detected using a combination of field research and modeling in the WaTEM/SEDEM program. The results of the diploma thesis are beneficial to the knowledge of the rate of erosion and at the same time can be helpful in research and preservation of archaeological monuments. Based on a combination of erosion modeling and field investigation, the rate of erosion and accumulation in the locality was determined. Soil erosion was demonstrated at five studied sites out of a total of eight sites. Two sites showed questionable results and only one site showed accumulation of material with an average annual accumulation of 2,14 mm. The average annual value of soil erosion varied between 0,46 and 26,9 mm. A high intensity of soil erosion was demonstrated on the erosion model of water erosion also in the southern part of the slope, where the smaller roundel is located, but this could not be confirmed by field investigation as this roundel has not been studied and described by archaeologists. The ongoing soil erosion in the locality thus represents a significant threat to the Neolithic roundels in Bylany.
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Legal aspects of water retention in the landscape
Houžvičková, Markéta ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Legal aspects of water retention in the landscape Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the legal aspects of water retention in the landscape in response to the current problems associated with impaired landscape retention capacity such as drought, erosion or floods. The author first outlines the factual and legal context of the issue, which is followed by an analysis of conceptual, administrative-legal and economic instruments of the Czech legal order that can improve water retention capabilities of the landscape. The diploma thesis analyses the relevant instruments of the Water Act, Forest Act, Act on the protection of agricultural land or Act on protection of nature and landscape. Consequently, it deals with the role of land-use planning, land consolidation and environmental impact assessment for the issue. The thesis includes comprehensive evaluation of the relevant legal regulation in terms of its effectiveness and possible proposals de lege ferenda.
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The soil erosion and maize growing in Czech Republic
KOMÍN, Jiří
The thesis was conducted balance the possibility of growing corn while fighting water and wind erosion. The results of the study of theoretical possibilities and practical impact for producers, particularly economic drilling can be recommended mainly erosion belts and mulch sowing maize. Both of these methods are effective, but it is necessary to supplement the correct procedure when setting up the stand of corn. The rule for stand establishment corn on the slopes of these three principles: corn crops sown along the contour, after sowing fundamentally dont roll and sown corn prefer deeper, at least 5cm. At sufficiently deep soil preparation (about 10 cm) gave, after sowing of maize plot different heights furrow which slow surface runoff of water and promote a better infiltration. At the same time, thanks to its larger surface ensures faster warming of the soil and thus faster germination of corn crops. As soil protection technology with significant erosion control effects can be recommended depending on specific soils shallow tillage with simultaneous defray organic matter to the soil followed by planting, sowing no- drill with disc coulters directly into the raw soil after the previous crop, or sowing / planting mulch crops or forecrop. Another option is sowing the main crop with undercrop in between rows (maize undercrop winter rye), or tape sowing untreated soil. Such as erosion control technology is also certified by the reduction of row spacing in corn.
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Influence of former landscape elements on soil properties
Matějovský, Jiří ; Zádorová, Tereza (advisor) ; Luděk, Luděk (referee)
Hedgerows are elements in landscape, creating a landscape structure and influencing soil properties. This thesis is focused on the assessment of impact of the former landscape elements on current soil properties. Study area is located in the Central Bohemian Region, in the district of Pribram. Study plot area is 33 ha and is currently managed as a single large unit without any landscape elements. Assessment of the degree of impact on soil properties was mainly focused on soil depth, stratigraphic profile and organic carbon content. Sampling was carried out perpendicularly to the four selected hedgerows. The deepest soils, as well as the largest percentage of organic carbon were observed in areas of the original occurrence of hedgerows. Places above the hedgerows did not show significantly better soil properties, while at the locations below the hedgerows were identified deeper soils and increased organic carbon content. These findings confirmed the importance of hedgerows and their ability to influence soil properties.
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A study of erosion control system using biotechnical conservation measures
Moravec, Jiří ; Sobotková, Veronika (referee) ; Dumbrovský, Miroslav (advisor)
The objective of the bachelor thesis was the study of soil erosion control with application of system of semi-natural measures in chosen small catchment. Digital elevation model was generated and average soil loss was determined by ArcGis tools at each erosion parcel . Design of erosion control at chosen erosion risked locality was create in Microstation software and InRoads utilities. As a type of enviromental erossion control mesures was chosen a system of a earthfill dams with the sedimentation area in combination with grassing. The thesis efforts to point the differences between the possible optimal solution and a compromise solution which respects the requirements of agricultural entities. The solution respects the trend of water retention in landscape and use of low cost measures.
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